The presented line graph illustrates the amount of three different spreads (margarine, low and reduced spreads, and butter) that were consumed from 1981 to 2007.
Overall, the consumption of margarine and butter experienced a downward trend, whereas the low fat and reduced spreads had risen over the period in question. Initially, butter was the most popular; however, the low fat and reduced spreads had overtaken both margarine and butter at the end of the duration.
Body
Bodyでは具体的なグラフの説明に入ります。このセクションでは、傾向が一致している物で分類すると書きやすいです。今回のグラフでは、マーガリンとバターが減少傾向にあるので、この2つをBody1に書きます。また、low fat and reduced spreadsは上昇したので、これをBody2に書きます。
もう一つ、Bodyを書く際に気をつけたいのが、「比較」を必ず入れることです。問題文には必ず、Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.という記述があり、比較を怠ると、7.0以上の高得点が狙えなくなります。なので、Body1及び2に比較を散りばめるか、Body3を新たに作って、そこで比較をするのがいいと思います。
例:The number of ownership remained the same/stable/constant/leveled off/plateaued in 2005.
最大を表すフレーズ・単語
peak
reach the peak
hit a high point
例:The production of onions peaked/reached the peak/ hit a high point in 1996, which was about 3 million tons.
最小を表すフレーズ・単語
hit bottom
hit a low point
例:In 1998, the amount of hit bottom/a low point.
年数などの期間を表す単語
period
term
duration
例:Overall, the number of tourists had increased over the period/term/duration in question.
over the first XX years(最初のXX年間)
over the last XX years(ここXX年間)
from A to B/ between A and B(A年からB年まで/ A年からB年の間)
at the biggening of the period(その期間の初めに)
at the end of the period(その期間の終わりに)
the following year(その翌年)
a decade(10年)
a century(100年)
every XX years(XX年おき)
例:The number of tourists dropped to 2.5 million in 2005. It further decreased to 1.1 million the following year, hitting a low point.
「その後」を表す単語・フレーズ
subsequently
then
after which
例1:The percentage sharply increased to 78% and subsequently/then plateaued. 例2:The percentage reached about 65% in 2002, after which, it dropped to approximately 44% in 2004. 解説:after whichの前後をコンまで挟んで、その後はS+Vと続く。
「〜に関して」を表す表現
in terms of 〜
with respect to 〜
regarding 〜
as for 〜
when it comes to 〜
as regards 〜
対比・逆説表現
whereas
while アカデミックライティングではあまり使わない
on the other hand
however
although
even though
despite
in spite of
in contrast (to)
as opposed (to)
例1:The male crime rate experienced an upward trend, whereas that of females saw a downward trend over the period. 解説:whereasの直前に必ずコンマを置く
例2:Although the male crime rate experienced an upward trend, that of females saw a downward trend over the period. 解説:althoughの節が終わる際に必ずコンマを置く
例3:The male crime rate experienced an upward trend; however, that of females saw a downward trend over the period. 解説:howeverを接続詞として使う際は、セミコロン;を前に、コンマを後に必ず置く。
例4:Despite the increasing male crime rate, that of females saw a downward trend over the period. 解説:despiteは前置詞なので、後に名詞が続く。
例5:Despite the male crime rate experiencing an upward trend, that of females saw a downward trend over the period. 解説:despiteの後に主語、動詞を有する文を続けたい場合、動詞をing形にする。
例6:In contrast/as opposed to the male crime rate experiencing an upward trend, that of females saw a downward trend over the period. 解説:as oppose/in contrast toの後に主語、動詞を有する文を続けたい場合、動詞をing形にする。シンプルに名詞のみを書くのも可。
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